Certified Respiratory Therapist Practice Exam

In respiratory terms, what generally causes tracheal deviation?

1. Changes in lung volumes

2. Presence of masses

3. Presence of fluids

4. All of the above

The correct answer is: All of the above

Tracheal deviation occurs when the trachea shifts from its normal midline position, which can be indicative of underlying respiratory or thoracic conditions. Each of the factors listed contributes to this deviation in different ways. Changes in lung volumes can create imbalances in pressure within the thoracic cavity, particularly in cases where there is a significant increase or decrease in air volume in one lung compared to the other, resulting in a shift of the trachea toward the affected side. This often happens in conditions such as pneumothorax (air in the pleural space) or pleural effusion (fluid in the pleural space) where one lung is either compressed or distended. The presence of masses, such as tumor growths in the mediastinum or within the lung fields, can physically displace the trachea as they occupy space and exert pressure on surrounding structures. These masses can be benign or malignant and can lead to significant tracheal deviation depending on their size and location. The presence of fluids, particularly in the pleural cavity (pleural effusion), can also shift the trachea. When fluid accumulates, it can push adjacent structures, including the trachea, away from the side where fluid is present